Alcazaba de la Alhambra

This fortress is the oldest surviving section of the complex, originally constructed by the Nasrid dynasty (Moorish rulers) in the 13th century. It was built over earlier Zirid foundations and served as a primary citadel and defensive stronghold. This National Monument is a significant example of Islamic military architecture.

The structure is characterized by its triangular layout and extensive defensive walls. Notable features include the Torre de la Vela and the Torre del Homenaje, which are among the oldest preserved parts of the site. These towers were central to the military engineering of the period and provided strategic vantage points over the surrounding area.

The site is open to the public, offering insight into the historical significance and architectural evolution of the fortification. The complex remains a prominent cultural heritage site representing the history of Islamic Iberia.