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Historic Fortifications

Trabzon’s strategic position on the Black Sea is reflected in its defensive architecture, ranging from the Byzantine walls of the city center to coastal Genoese outposts. This selection features the Zaganos Pasha Tower, part of the extensive Trabzon Fortress, and the 13th-century Akçakale Castle. Beyond military sites, the list includes the cliffside Sumela Monastery and the historic Hapsiyaş Bridge, showcasing the region's diverse engineering and cultural heritage from the medieval era through the early 20th century.