Vredefort crater

The Vredefort impact structure is the largest verified impact structure on Earth. The crater, which has since been eroded away, has been estimated at 170–300 kilometres across when it was formed. The remaining structure, comprising the deformed underlying bedrock, is located in present-day Free State province of South Africa. It is named after the town of Vredefort, which is near its centre. The structure's central uplift is known as the Vredefort Dome. The impact structure was formed during the Paleoproterozoic Era, 2.023 billion years ago. It is among the oldest known impact structures on Earth, after Yarrabubba and Antarctic Creek.

In 2005, the Vredefort Dome was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites for its geologic interest.