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Antarctica Essentials

Antarctica's landscape features extreme geological formations and historic human outposts. This selection includes the continent's highest point, Vinson Massif, and its tallest dormant volcano, Mount Sidley. It highlights unique natural phenomena like the iron-rich Blood Falls at Taylor Glacier and the volcanic cliffs of Brown Bluff. The list also covers active research hubs like Esperanza Base and the remote remains of the Soviet Union’s Pole of Inaccessibility station, alongside ice-filled bays such as Paradise Harbour and Wilhelmina Bay.

Antarctica Essentials — Kartta

United States Department of the… / Public domain

A

Vinson Massif

Vinson Massif () is a large mountain massif in Antarctica that is 21 km long and 13 km wide and lies within the Sentinel Range of the…

Liam Quinn / CC BY-SA 2.0

B

Paradise Harbour

Paradise Harbour, also known as Paradise Bay, is a wide embayment behind Lemaire and Bryde Islands in Antarctica, indenting the west coast…

NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse… / Public domain

C

Mount Sidley

Mount Sidley is the highest dormant volcano in Antarctica, a member of the Volcanic Seven Summits, with a summit elevation of 4,181–4,285…

Eli Duke / CC BY-SA 2.0

D

Taylor Glacier

This 54-kilometer-long glacier flows from the Plateau of Victoria Land into the Taylor Valley. It is located within the McMurdo Dry Valleys and serves as the source for the iron-rich discharge known as Blood Falls.

E

Blood Falls

An outflow of iron-oxide-tainted saltwater flowing from the tongue of Taylor Glacier onto the ice-covered surface of West Lake Bonney. The brine turns deep red upon contact with the air due to the oxidation of its high iron content.

NOAA Photo Library / CC BY 2.0

F

Esperanza Base

Esperanza Base is a permanent, all-year-round Argentine research station in Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula.

Arcibel / CC BY-SA 3.0

G

Almirante Brown Scientific Station

Brown Station is an Argentine Antarctic base and scientific research station named after Admiral William Brown, the father of the Argentine…

Miguel Angel Otero Soliño / CC BY-SA 3.0

H

Cierva Cove

Cierva Cove is a cove lying 6 nautical miles southeast of Cape Sterneck in Hughes Bay, just south of Chavdar Peninsula along the west coast…

I

Brown Bluff

A 745-meter-high basaltic tuff cliff on the Tabarin Peninsula. This subglacial volcano features a prominent rust-colored face and serves as a significant breeding ground for large colonies of Adélie and Gentoo penguins.

J

Wilhelmina Bay

A 24-kilometer-wide bay located along the Reclus Peninsula. Known for its high concentration of krill, it is a primary feeding ground for humpback whales and is characterized by steep cliffs and abundant icebergs.

K

Pole of Inaccessibility Research Station

A defunct Soviet research station established in 1958 at the point on the Antarctic continent furthest from any ocean. The site is marked by a plastic bust of Vladimir Lenin atop a chimney, which remains visible above the accumulating snow.

Map of Antarctica by the United States… / Public domain

L

Union Glacier

Union Glacier, is a large, heavily crevassed glacier which receives the flow of several tributaries and drains through the middle of the…

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