Historical and Archaeological Sites
Explore the multi-layered history of Cappadocia through its diverse archaeological landscape. This collection spans from the deepest multi-level underground cities like Derinkuyu to the Roman mosaics of Sobesos and the Seljuk-era Nevşehir Castle. The list highlights the region's religious evolution, featuring 9th-century Byzantine cave churches in the Red Valley and the 13th-century spiritual complex of Hacıbektaş-ı Veli, showcasing centuries of rock-cut architecture and defensive engineering.
A Derinkuyu Underground City
From almost 200 cities spread across the entire region, this fascinating underground city from the 7th century BC is the deepest one in…
B Ortahisar Castle
This rock-cut castle was recently renovated and offers its visitors marvelous views of the town and fairy chimneys in the valley.
C Kaymaklı Underground City
Located under the hill called the Citadel of Kaymakli, this underground cave-city is the widest one in the whole region.
D Hacli Church
A 9th-century rock-cut church in the Red Valley featuring a large relief cross carved into the ceiling and well-preserved frescoes.
E Grape Church
Located in the Red Valley, this 9th-century church is named for its frescoes depicting grape clusters, representing the region's ancient viticulture traditions.
Sobesos
An ancient Roman site featuring 4th-century floor mosaics, a bath complex, and a bouleuterion, providing a rare look at Roman urban life in Cappadocia.
G Katpatuka Çamur Mağarası
A natural cave complex used for traditional mud baths and mineral-rich therapeutic treatments in a rock-cut environment.
Mazi Underground City
Mazı Underground City is an ancient underground settlement in Cappadocia in central Turkey.
Özkonak Underground City
This underground settlement is distinguished by its ventilation system and unique communication holes that allowed inhabitants to speak between different levels.
Columned church
A monumental rock-cut church in the Güllüdere Valley characterized by its high carved columns and 11th-century Byzantine architectural style.
Neşehir kalesi
A hilltop fortress from the Seljuk period that overlooks a recently discovered, sprawling underground city complex situated directly beneath the castle hill.
Özlüce Underground City
An underground settlement featuring single-story galleries carved into a different type of volcanic tuff than the deeper cities nearby.
Hacıbektaş-ı Veli
A 13th-century complex and museum dedicated to the Sufi philosopher Haji Bektash Veli, serving as the spiritual center for the Alevi-Bektashi order.
Nikeforos Fokas Kilisesi
A 10th-century Byzantine church built to honor Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, featuring large-scale frescoes including the 40 Martyrs of Sebaste.
Karabukut Church
A rock-cut cave church located near Ortahisar, featuring traditional Byzantine ecclesiastical design carved into the volcanic landscape.
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