Archaeological Sites & Ruins

This collection spans the ancient territories of Aeolis and Ionia, centered around the UNESCO World Heritage site of Pergamon. It features the monumental foundations of the Great Altar of Zeus, the world's steepest ancient theater, and the remains of the Library of Pergamon, once the second largest in the Hellenistic world. Beyond the acropolis, the list includes the Asclepion healing center, the massive brick-built Red Basilica, and the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Archaeological Sites & Ruins — Harita

Ingo Mehling / CC BY-SA 3.0

A

Pergamon

Pergamon or Pergamum, also referred to by its modern Greek form Pergamos, was a rich and powerful ancient Greek city in Aeolis.

Francisco Esponda / CC-BY-SA

B

Temple of Artemis (Artemision)

This Greek temple was dedicated to the Goddess of the Hunt Artemis and it was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Mr. Vehbi Moğol / CC BY-SA 3.0

C

Asclepion

Bergama is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,544 km2, and its population is 105,754.

Roh Ricky / CC BY-SA 4.0

D

Çeşme Castle

An Ottoman fortress built in 1508 by Sultan Bayezid II to defend against pirate attacks. The structure houses an archaeological museum featuring artifacts from Erythrae and items recovered from the 1770 Battle of Çeşme.

Michal Jack Mašek / CC BY-SA 4.0

E

Red Basilica

The "Red Basilica", also called variously the Red Hall and Red Courtyard, is a monumental ruined temple in the ancient city of Pergamon,…

Bohn, Richard / Public domain

F

Library of Pergamon

The Library of Pergamum is an ancient Greek building in Pergamon, Anatolia, today located nearby the modern town of Bergama, in the İzmir…

Klaus-Peter Simon / CC BY-SA 3.0

G

Aigai

Aigai, also Aigaiai, was an ancient Greek, later Roman, city and bishopric in Aeolis.

Karl Thomas Moore / CC BY-SA 4.0

H

Pergamon Acropolis

The political and cultural heart of the Attalid dynasty, featuring the ruins of royal palaces, the Temple of Athena, and the sanctuary of Trajan. It occupies a high ridge overlooking the modern town of Bergama.

Michal Jack Mašek / CC BY-SA 4.0

I

Erythrae

One of the twelve Ionian League cities, this site contains a 3rd-century BC theater built into a hillside and remains of the Temple of Athena Polias. It is known for its well-preserved 5-kilometer-long city walls.

HALUK COMERTEL / CC BY 3.0

J

Theatre

The steepest theater of the ancient world, featuring a 70-degree incline. Built in the 3rd century BC, it consists of 80 rows of stone seating designed to accommodate 10,000 spectators.

HALUK COMERTEL / CC BY 3.0

K

Upper Agora

A 2nd-century BC commercial marketplace located on the southern slope of the acropolis. It was originally a colonnaded square that served as the primary trading hub for Pergamon's upper city.

HALUK COMERTEL / CC BY 3.0

L

Zeus Altar

The horseshoe-shaped foundation of the 2nd-century BC Great Altar, built by Eumenes II. While its famous Gigantomachy friezes are now in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, the original podium remains in situ.