Historic Fortifications and Castles

This collection features prominent fortifications across the Erbil region, centered on the UNESCO-listed Citadel of Erbil, one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited sites. The list includes the 16th-century Khanzad Citadel, built during the Soran Emirate, and the ruins of Dwin Castle, historically linked to the Ayyubid dynasty. These sites illustrate the region's strategic importance through various eras, ranging from ancient archaeological tells to medieval stone fortresses and Ottoman-period architecture.